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At first, they both look the same, clear and sterile liquids used to dilute medications
Later, this definition was extended to include essentially similar protective effects outside the gastrointestinal tract involving the lesions of different organs (cytoprotection-organoprotection)
For spinal structures with naturally limited blood supply (particularly the intervertebral discs, which are largely avascular), this enhanced circulation to surrounding tissues can make a meaningful difference in healing capacity
Some antioxidants, such as glutathione , Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) and Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), work by binding to and immobilising (or scavenging) ROS
The main causes of oxidative stress in plants or crops are different external aggressions or abiotic stresses , such as water stress, both due to excess (flooding/waterlogging) and defect (drought), extreme temperatures, salinity, nutrient decompensation, heavy metal toxicity, high insolation, pathogen attacks, damage caused by herbivores, etc